c++ fraction class. overloading operators? -

i making fraction class school project, , brain frying. told overload << , >> operators through friend keyword. i'm getting errors this.

i've posted relevant code here: http://pastebin.com/ngcabgj2

the errors include: error c2270: '<<' : modifiers not allowed on nonmember functions (this error ones declared friends)

this @ operator< definition. error c2333: 'fraction::operator <' : error in function declaration; skipping function body

there's 46 in all... nightmare.

edit:

thanks, solved errors, there's still 3

error c2664: 'fraction::fraction(const fraction &)' : cannot convert parameter 1 'int' 'const fraction &' occurs @ statement:

fraction<int> test1, test2, test3(10); 

error c2248: 'fraction::operator ==' : cannot access private member declared in class 'fraction' error c2248: 'fraction::operator <' : cannot access private member declared in class 'fraction'

i don't understand these two, occurs @ these statements:

    if (test1 == test2)     cout << "\ntest1 equal test2"; if (test1 < test2)     cout << "\ntest1 less test2"; 

thanks!

<><><>>edit2<<><><>

i fixed other private access errors, have reaaaaaaaally bizarre errors:

full code: http://pastebin.com/mvrb67sr

errors:

error 1 error lnk2001: unresolved external symbol "class fraction __cdecl operator-(class fraction const &,class fraction const &)" (??g@ya?av?$fraction@h@@abv0@0@z) error 2 error lnk2001: unresolved external symbol "class fraction __cdecl operator+(class fraction const &,class fraction const &)" (??h@ya?av?$fraction@h@@abv0@0@z) error 3 error lnk2001: unresolved external symbol "class fraction __cdecl operator/(class fraction const &,class fraction const &)" (??k@ya?av?$fraction@h@@abv0@0@z) c:\users\caleb jares\documents\visual studio 2010\projects\solution11-5\solution11-5\solution11-5.obj error 4 error lnk2001: unresolved external symbol "class fraction __cdecl operator*(class fraction const &,class fraction const &)" (??d@ya?av?$fraction@h@@abv0@0@z) error 5 error lnk2001: unresolved external symbol "class std::basic_ostream > & __cdecl operator<<(class std::basic_ostream > const &,class fraction)" (??6@yaaav?$basic_ostream@du?$char_traits@d@std@@@std@@abv01@v?$fraction@h@@@z) error 6 error lnk2001: unresolved external symbol "class std::basic_istream > & __cdecl operator>>(class std::basic_istream > const &,class fraction)" (??5@yaaav?$basic_istream@du?$char_traits@d@std@@@std@@abv01@v?$fraction@h@@@z) error 7 error lnk1120: 6 unresolved externals

again, help!

sounds tried declare friend ostream &operator<<(…) const; . important thing friends are not members. friend function exists outside scope of class, if defined inside class {} block. in other words, declaring function ::operator<<(), not fraction::operator<<(). , member functions can have trailing const, since modifies type of this.

fact is, operator<< output shouldn't friend anyway. gets value , forwards stream… shouldn't require special permission! same applies operator<.

take functions outside class block entirely. there's no way ta can complain design using friend less often.