High-level Architecture (HLA) versus Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) -

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is there high-level overview of hla versus dis simulation frameworks? can 1 host other , vice-versa?

i (though week or so) work in simulation industry - apologize in advance errors, correct them if remembering incorrect information.

dis

  • the standard specifies layout of data on wire, i.e. packets/data pdus laid out defined in dis specifications

  • relies on best-effort networking (i.e. udp protocol, broadcasting)

  • entities have heartbeat @ intervals (default: 5 seconds) notify else still part of exercise

  • no central server managing various applications joined exercise

  • simulation applications can join simulation @ time, leave @ time

hla

  • uses central manager, called rti (run time infrastructure), receives data various applications , sends them other applications in simulation (in context of hla, these called federates , set of federates federation)

  • all federates must join , leave simulation going through rti

  • unlike dis, hla specification not specify layout of data packets, instead defines set of api functionality applications use. rti implements api.

  • hla federates publish data according fom (federation object model) defines data in simulation represents. allows people create new foms define new object , interaction types, unlike in dis, adding new types of data pdus goes through committee (siso). example, simulations running under hla utilize rpr fom, pretty mirrors dis standard entities , interactions.

  • hla adds additional features dis not support, such data distribution management (ddm), wherein federates notify rti interested in types of data.

  • supports subscription services, wherein federates notify rti interested in receiving object or interaction data (i.e. application wants data ships)

  • supports feature of ownership transfer, objects under control of 1 federate given federate manage.

can dis host hla , vice versa?

due these fundamental differences, should clear dis , hla can not host each other.

however, means simulations in dis interact simulations in hla need type of network broker acts adapter between 2 protocols. examples of such brokers mak vr-exchange or gmu gateway.

for further reading:


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